hydroquinone solubility in glycerin

Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 20, 14331442 (1986), G. Wienke, J. Gmehling, Toxicol. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Res. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. Fill out the form below, and we will send you the document as soon as we can! At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. Approved only for prescription use in the U.S. market.Ideal for creams, lotions, and gels for personal care ingredients, pharmaceutical chemical, pharmaceutical excipients, and skin care ingredients. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. . Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed at 5C and 40C for certain percentages of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at specific pHs. The process of making a stable hydroquinone composition having a pH of about 5.5 to about 8.0 comprising: combining the following ingredients, in a carbon dioxide atmosphere: first, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium metabisulfite, then, third, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, then, Application filed by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp, [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O*, OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, 3-aminopropyl [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] hydrogen phosphate, NCCCOP(O)(=O)OC1=C(O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)OC1=O, OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, trisodium;[(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2-oxido-4-oxofuran-3-yl] phosphate, [Na+].[Na+]. For more information, please see our ADS 1 Solubility data for compounds that ordinarily are liquids at 25 are expressed in terms of the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solvent; i.e., 1 mL dissolved in mL of solvent. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 108. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher solubility and is relatively non-toxic. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. Chem. Recent pieces of . Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Correspondence to Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. Color stability improvement is evident at all levels. Treatment with hydroquinone interferes with the action of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme used in the synthesis of melanin, and compositions are sold across the counter at about 2% hydroquinone and by prescription at higher concentrations. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 and our Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Natural antioxidants could replace hydroquinone derivatives used in industry. The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic, hydroximic acids, Carboxylic acids, e.g. Retinoid compositions, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) are known to be effective in improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. uuid:a150f3fd-7f22-4439-aa26-6f445f4017e5 Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Crit. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. 0000085850 00000 n Phase B: Dissolve the ferulic acid in the glycerin - some "spirited" stirring may be necessary. Belhachemi, B., Makhlouf, H. & Belhachemi, M.H. 338, 217223 (2013), S. H. Ali, F. S. Al-Mutairi, M. A. Fahim, Fluid Phase Equilib. 0000003430 00000 n Eastman Hydroquinone, USP Grade is for skin-lightening products to address hyperpigmentation. Exceptional antioxidant qualities are seen at 0.10% (all percentages in the application are weight percent) and above, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% for sodium metabisulfite. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. 29(3): 283-330, 1999. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. HVoLg~Z+ Free format text: International Journal of Thermophysics 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. Preparation, optimization and in vivo. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. The color stability of the hydroquinone composition is promoted by one or more antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. Add the hydroquinone to the water. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, Kind code of ref document: 109. If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. Privacy Policy. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . An acceptable carrier also possesses suitable aesthetic and cosmetic qualities and may include emollients, conditioners and the like. It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 4. Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. The amount of crosslinking was controlled by the reaction conditions, including temperature, reaction time, and . 12.4. [O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1, OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, Antibiotics FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O, [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate, [Na+]. Acta 423, 137144 (2000), S.-T. Lin, S. I. Sandler, Ind. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. 1401417, Country of ref document: Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. [17], An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives. 552591, Z. Esina, M. Korchuganova, Theor. It is soluble in water. Eng. I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions are more likely to excessively discolor and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate helps to stabilize the color, by preventing the brownish black discoloration and maintaining an amber color. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Then add it to the ingredients. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. Ferulic acid 0.5% 0.15g. This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. While the hydroquinone is effective for the pigmentation disorder treatment, retinoid is used for its skin treatment benefits. 15, 188196 (1996), U. Domaska, Fluid Phase Equilib. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase and inorganic or amino acyl cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate respectively, are effective in stabilizing such hydroquinone compositions, which are used in treatment of pigmentation disorders. 0000000807 00000 n and solubility in water. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream 0000003660 00000 n The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. Thermodyn. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. 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Hi, let us know if you have any questions as you visit our website. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. fungichromin, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. It is a reducmg agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. With an account you can check out faster, view your online order history and access your shopping bag or saved items from any device. Van Haelst, P. Heesen, F. Van Der Wielen, H. Govers, Chemosphere 29, 16511660 (1994), Article [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. 0.6. glycerin, 2.5. Part of Springer Nature. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol Features & Benefits Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMO Extremely low vapor pressure USP Grade European Pharma Grade Drug master file available upon request Applications By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. LSPS, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Et Pharmacologie Structurale, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria, Department of Biology, University of Ghardaia, BP 455, 47000, Ghardaia, Algeria, You can also search for this author in Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone, process which is reversible. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . 115, 22772285 (2014), Article Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. - 65.21.225.73. The combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)-Redlich-Kister equation is . protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. A method of stabilizing a hydroquinone composition, comprising hydroquinone and one or more protected retinoids, comprising: maintaining pH of the composition at about 5.5 to about 8.0. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. It is found in wheat, rye, and barley.It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners. 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. vitamin C; Salts thereof, Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00-A61K41/00, Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. 4]DYR@'c 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. Eng. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. 0000002379 00000 n If youd like my help or recipes for this bleaching cream please contact me on Instagram @kaylinell and @kay.linell or Facebook at kay linell. Since hydroquinone has a tendency to discolor through oxidation, these antioxidants are used because they have greater tendencies to oxidize than hydroquinone. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Keywords: D-170D; D-170; D170D; D170 Created Date Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. Hydroquinone (C 6 H 4 (OH) 2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. vz >I d50dwp?i4,H3. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Solute (1 g) Water Boiling Water Alcohol Chloroform Ether Other Acenocoumarol 67,000 280 130 1800 Acetaminophen 20 10 1 N sodium hydroxide, 15 Acetohexamide 230 210 Acetylcysteine 5 4 Acetyldigitoxin 6100 62.5 12 >10,000 Ammonium Alum 7 0.5 Aluminum Chloride 0.9 4 Aluminum Sulfate 1 Amantadine Hydrochloride 2.5 5.1 18 polyethylene glycol 400, 70 ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013, Ref document number: I understand the concentrations are high but I have used them before, its just too expensive to keep buying from a compounding pharmacy. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. Anal. 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. Thank you for your inquiry and interest in ChemPoint. GHS H Statement: Causes serious eye damage.Suspected of causing genetic defects.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.Harmful if swallowed.Very toxic to aquatic life. 0000005306 00000 n Hydrogen peroxide is used and the reaction gives a mixture of hydroquinone and catechol: An accessible route involves the reaction of sodium hydroxide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. The solubility of sodium phenytoin in binary mixtures of ethanol +water at 298.2, 303.2, 308.2 and 313.2 K was measured. Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation.