flashcard sets. All rights reserved. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. The reasons for the difference are to be found in the. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. answer choices. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. 1531 A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). 5 What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. Sources. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. What are the effects of Spain exploration? The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. They also found a sea route to India. The voyages of Columbus. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. explored isthmus of panama. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [3] Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. Gallery. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Spaniards moved north, too. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable natives, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold.